Cooking included techniques for boiling. Upper Paleolithic sites often have pits full of cobbles fractured by temperature change in the same way that a glass bowl might break if removed from the oven and placed in the refrigerator. To boil water, people simply took red-hot cobbles from a fire and dropped them into a skin-lined pit full of water. Seen here is a stone filled boiling pit (center foreground) in a 23,000 year-old Gravettian level at the site of Le Flageolet I, France.